Summary:
This week we have been learning about the four main groups of organic molecules. These include nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. We also learned about the elements that make up all of the molecules of living things. These include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. How do you remember all of those elements? CHONPS. One way is Chloe has one neon (or new) purple shoe. You can use whatever sentence that will help you remember these elements.
Nucleic Acids:
Nucleic acids are like building blocks that make up all living organisms. Nucleic acids contain instructions that cells need to preform all of its functions. It is made up of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The monomer (or simplest form) is called nucleotide.
DNA is one kind of nucleic acids. DNA is found in the nucleus and contains the information that the cell needs. As you can see in the picture to the left, A only joins with T, and C only joins with G. One way to remember this is that the only word you can make with these letters is "at," and that uses the letters A and T. Another kind of nucleic acids is RNA. RNA codes are for making proteins. This can be found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Carbohydrates:
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Carbohydrates are made by the chloroplast. Carbohydrates provide the energy for the cell, and are components of some cell parts (such as cellulose in cell walls.) Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The monomer is called saccharide. Some examples of carbohydrates are starch, pasta, rice, and table sugar. You can see some other examples in the picture to the right.
Lipids:
The third kind of organic molecule is a lipid (like you can see in the picture to the left.) Lipids act as energy source and storage for the cell, and also make up most of the cell membrane (the phospholipid bilayer) Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The monomer is fatty acid. Some examples of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, earwax, and candle wax.
Proteins:
Proteins are large molecules that are made by an organelle called ribosomes. Proteins regulate growth and development; transport oxygen and other substances and increase role of chemical reactions that occur within a cell. Proteins form parts of the cell membrane and form most of the other organelles. Proteins are make up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur. The monomer of proteins is called amino acid. Some examples of proteins include cheese, chicken, bread, and more. You can see some other examples in the picture to the right.
SP6: Constructing explanations and designing solutions:
This week we constructed explanations and designed solutions to get a better understanding of the different macromolecules. We also created a foldable with all the information of each macromolecule. I learned that each of these is important to the cell in different ways, and why it is important to learn about them.
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